大学 - dàxué - university / college
开 - kāi - to open / to start
减肥 - jiǎnféi - to lose weight
课 - kè - class / lesson / subject / course
学校 - xuéxiào - school
老师 - lǎoshī - teacher
胖 - pàng - fat
学生 - xuésheng - student
身体 - shēntǐ - the body / one's health
上 - shàng - to attend (class, school or university)
瘦 - shòu - thin / to lose weight
喜欢 - xǐhuan - to like

Noun / Pronoun + 的 + Noun - Expressing a possessive particle with "Noun / Pronoun + de + Noun" (indicate a relationship of possessor / possession)
南京的一个大学开了一个“减肥课”。
学校的老师说，这个课开了三年了，学校里的胖学生很多，他们的身体不好。

Measure Word - Expressing the number of sth with an object specific measure word in the form of "Number + Measure Word + Noun" (if the number is one, you can omit it and use the measure word by itself)
南京的一个大学开了一个“减肥课”。

Verb / Verb Phrase + 了 - Expressing that an action has been completed with "Verb / Verb Phrase + le"
南京的一个大学开了一个“减肥课”。
这个课开了三年了
上了这个课后，他们瘦了很多，身体好了。

这 / 那 + Measure Word + Noun - Expressing "this… / that…" with "zhè / nà + Measure Word + Noun"
这个课开了三年了

New Situation + 了 - Expressing that there is a change of state or that the action has just happened "now" with "New Situation + le"
这个课开了三年了
他们瘦了很多，身体好了。

(在)...里 - Expressing "in / inside…" with “(zài)...lǐ"
学校里的胖学生很多

Phrase + 的 + Noun - Expressed to link a noun to a preceding phrase with "Phrase + de + Noun"
学校里的胖学生很多

Noun / Pronoun + 很 + Adj. - Expressing "very" or to link a noun or pronoun and an adjective with "Noun / Pronoun + hěn + Adj." (sometimes the 很 is translated as "very" but often it is a link between a noun and an adjective)
学校里的胖学生很多

Time or Verb Phrase + (以)后 - Expressing "after" a specific time or action with "Time or Verb Phrase + (yǐ)hòu"
上了这个课后，他们瘦了很多，身体好了。

Noun + 们 - Expressing the plural form of a noun with "Noun + men"
学生们很喜欢这个课。

南京 - Nánjīng - Nanjing (capital of Jiangsu Province)